The pricing principle of my country’s import and export commodities is to formulate appropriate prices based on international market prices, in accordance with the policies of different countries and regions, and in combination with the intention of purchase and sale, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit.
(1) Based on international market prices
In formulating the prices of import and export commodities, reference should be made to the prices in the international market. International market prices refer to the representative transaction prices of a commodity in national trade within a certain period of time, usually referring to:
① The market price of a commodity in an international distribution center. For example, the price of cotton in the New York market, the price of tea and non-ferrous metals in the London market, and the price of wheat in Chicago.
② The import price of a certain commodity in the world’s major importing countries or regions.
③ The export price of a certain commodity in the world’s major exporting countries or regions is based on the international trade price of the commodity exported to the local market.
If there is no international market price for some commodities at the moment, the prices of similar commodities in the international market can be referred to; if it is a new product or other commodities that have no price reference at the moment, a trial sales price can be set first according to the demand of the foreign market, and then gradually adjusted.
(2) Pricing should be based on country and regional policies
Generally speaking, commodities should be priced according to international market prices. However, in order to cooperate with my country’s foreign policy, the prices of some countries or regions can be slightly lower than the international price level, or slightly higher than the international price level.
(3) Pricing should be based on purchase and sale intentions
When determining prices, the purchase and sale intentions should be considered. For important materials, advanced technologies and key equipment, bargaining should be done well on the basis of careful price comparison and timely import. For the price of export commodities, we should strive for a good price and focus on exporting more to achieve the effect of expanding sales and earning more foreign exchange.
(4) Cost factors should be considered and pricing should be based on strengthening cost accounting
When determining prices, we should take into account the production or acquisition costs, pay attention to the economic benefits of foreign trade production, and strengthen the cost accounting of import and export commodities.
(5) Consider the impact of different price difference factors
The price difference mainly includes the following types: quality price difference, quantity price difference, seasonal price difference and regional price difference.
In addition, factors such as the delivery time, market sales habits and consumer preferences, spot and futures, near-term and long-term, the use of soft and hard currencies, the amount of commission discounts, and differences in payment terms must also be considered.