E-commerce is generally divided into the following models: B2B, B2C, C2C, ABC, B2M, M2C, O2O, C2B, B2B2C, B2A (B2G), C2A (C2G) and so on.
(1) B2B model. Merchant (generally refers to enterprises) to merchants e-commerce, that is, the exchange of products, services and information between enterprises through the Internet.
(2) B2C model. The B2C model is the earliest e-commerce model in China, marked by the official operation of 8848 online mall. Today, there are many B2C e-commerce websites, and the larger ones include JD.com and Joyo Amazon.
(3) C2C model. The C2C model is a user-to-user model. The C2C business platform refers to providing an online trading platform for buyers and sellers, so that sellers can actively provide goods for online auction, and buyers can choose goods for bidding.
(4) ABC model. The ABC model is a new type of e-commerce model, and is known as the fourth largest model in the e-commerce industry after Alibaba’s B2B model, JD.com’s B2C model, and Taobao’s C2C model. It is an e-commerce platform that integrates production, operation, and consumption and is jointly built by agents, merchants, and consumers. The three can transform into each other. Everyone serves and supports each other, and you have me and I have you, truly forming a community of interests.
(5) B2M model. The B2M model is relative to the B2B, B2C, and C2C e-commerce models. The fundamental difference lies in the nature of the target customer group. The target customer groups of the other three appear as consumers, while the customer group targeted by B2M is the seller of the enterprise or the product or its workers, rather than the final consumers.
(6) M2C model. The M2C model is an extended concept that emerged for the B2M e-commerce model. In the B2M link, enterprises publish their products or services through the network platform, professional managers obtain information about the products or services of the enterprise through the network, and provide products, sales or corporate services to the enterprise. The enterprise achieves the purpose of selling products or obtaining services through the services of managers.
(7) O2O model. The O2O model is a new e-commerce business model that combines offline business opportunities with the Internet, making the Internet the front desk of offline transactions. The most important feature of this model is that the promotion effect can be checked and each transaction can be tracked.
(8) C2B model. The core of the C2B model is to form a powerful purchasing group by aggregating dispersed but large numbers of users, so as to change the weak position of users in the B2C model who bid one-to-one, so that they can enjoy the benefits of buying single items at the price of large wholesalers.
(9) B2B2C model. The so-called B2B2C model is a new network communication sales method. The first B refers to the seller in a broad sense (finished products, semi-finished products, material providers, etc.), the second B refers to the trading platform, that is, providing a platform for sellers and buyers to contact each other, while providing high-quality additional services, and C refers to the buyer. The seller is not only a company, but also an individual, that is, a seller in a logical buying and selling relationship.
(10) B2A model. B2A = Business to Administration (B2G = Business to Government). E-commerce between commercial organizations and administrative agencies refers to e-commerce activities between enterprises and government agencies. For example, the government publishes the details of procurement on the Internet and conducts bidding through online bidding. Enterprises also have to bid electronically. The government can establish its image in this way and promote the development of e-commerce through demonstration. In addition, the government can also implement administrative affairs management for enterprises through this type of e-commerce. For example, the government uses e-commerce to issue import and export licenses and conduct statistical work, and enterprises can handle tax payment and tax refunds online.
my country’s Golden Gate Project is to establish an e-commerce framework with foreign trade as the leader in my country through e-commerce between commercial organizations and administrative agencies, such as issuing import and export licenses, handling export tax refunds, and electronic customs declaration, and promote the development of various e-commerce activities in my country.
(11) C2A model. C2A = Consumer to Administration (C2G = Consumer to Government). Consumer to Administration e-commerce refers to the government’s e-commerce activities with individuals. In some developed countries, such as Australia, the government’s tax agency has designated private tax or financial accounting firms to electronically file tax returns for individuals. Although this type of activity has not yet achieved true electronic tax returns, it has already taken shape as the prototype of consumer to administration e-commerce.