Based on the value network, collaborative cooperation is different from the general cooperation or collaboration activities in the traditional manufacturing process. Its main systemic characteristics are as follows.
(1) Collaborative cooperation based on the value network takes marketization, internationalization, informatization and diversification as its main background, and good adaptability to the external environment is its primary characteristic.
(2) Pursuing “win-win” and maximizing the overall value of the system. Holism is the basic characteristic and requirement of a general system. Collaborative cooperation not only focuses on manufacturers and their core manufacturing activities, but also emphasizes the synergy of multiple subjects including manufacturers and the interaction with various manufacturing environment types and environmental domains. Therefore, comprehensive coordination and overall optimization or satisfaction must be the basic organizational goals.
(3) Due to the changes in the internal and external environment and the changes in the collaborative environment caused by them, collaborative cooperation has and emphasizes dynamics, agility and comprehensive flexibility, and forms one of its essential characteristics. At the same time, collaborative cooperation is a gradual process and should have multiple modes or implementation methods.
(4) The objects of cooperation in collaboration are various behavioral entities in the value network in form or on the surface, and in essence they are the core capabilities of each entity. The effective operation and integration of various resources has become the basic task of collaborative management. This also reflects the basic trend of modern manufacturing and modern management.
(5) The development and operation of the collaborative system is mainly based on the self-organization of each basic member (enterprise, etc.), but from the perspective of system requirements such as overallness, purposefulness, orderliness, and efficiency, it also emphasizes the effective role of the government and other coordinating parties.
The value chain system is a huge system containing various enterprise network collaboration activities. Its organization and operation show great complexity. It must not only adapt to market changes and business opportunities of new products, but also establish an order-oriented or task-oriented enterprise collaboration team based on the business process of new products. In order to join and effectively integrate into the enterprise group collaborative consortium, enterprises need to meet certain requirements in terms of internal organization, information management and openness, communication protocols, and personnel quality. At the same time, all members participating in the collaborative consortium must also recognize common collaboration norms in accordance with the collaborative behavior agreement. Therefore, in the value chain system, there is great complexity in its organization, environment, information platform, etc.
In addition, Diffusion Theory, Media Richness Theory, Task Technology Fit Model, Social Cognitive Theory, Structuring Theory, Collaborative Commerce Theory, etc. can also explain the operation and development of cross-border e-commerce from different perspectives.