Comprehensive analysis of air and liner shipping carriers, freight rates and freight rates for grade cargo

Air transport carriers and freight rates

1. Air transport company

Air transport companies play the role of actual carriers in the air cargo transportation business. They are responsible for the entire transportation process from the departure airport to the arrival airport, and are responsible for the entire transportation process.

2. Air freight forwarding company

Air freight forwarding companies usually represent cargo owners and handle booking, handover, customs declaration and other matters for cargo transportation. This company can also act as an agent for the airline, responsible for receiving the goods and issuing air waybills as an air carrier, and is responsible for the entire transportation process.

3. Air waybill

Air waybill (Air Waybill) is the main document for air transportation of goods, and it is also a written document of the transportation contract concluded between the carrier and the shipper. When the goods arrive at the destination, the consignee takes delivery of the goods based on the carrier’s arrival notification. Depending on the issuer, air waybills are divided into master air waybills and house air waybills. The contents of both have the same legal effect.

4. Air freight rates

Air freight is the fee charged by the carrier for air transportation of goods. It is usually calculated based on the actual weight and volumetric weight of the goods and is applicable to transportation in one direction. Freight rates are calculated based on various standards including special cargo freight rates, cargo grade freight rates, and general cargo freight rates.

Grade cargo freight calculation

Grade freight rates refer to the freight rates for transporting specific goods within a specific business area or between different business areas. Such cargo includes live animals, valuables, carcasses and related items. The calculation of the freight rate of graded goods is based on the additional or subtracted percentage of the freight rate of general goods. This rule is usually explained in Tact Rules. The freight rates of various types of goods are applicable to different code identifications.

Liner shipping tariff system

1. Liner freight and freight rates

The fee charged by the liner shipping carrier from the shipper to complete the transportation of goods is called the liner freight, and the method of calculating the fee is called the liner freight. Liner freight rates are usually published in the form of freight books and are divided into various types and forms.

2. Classification of tariff books

• By author:

  • Liner conference freight rates: unified freight rates used by guild member shipping companies.
  • Liner company freight rates: self-developed and adjusted freight rates.
  • Bilateral freight rate: the freight rate mutually agreed upon by the shipper and the cargo party.
  • Freight rate: The freight rate proposed by the cargo owner and accepted by the shipper.

• By form of formulation:

  • Individual rate freight: rates for different goods and routes.
  • Grade freight rates: Freight rates set on different routes and ports based on the grade of goods.

3. Freight price content

This content of freight rates includes basic description of freight rates, commodity classification table, route rate table and additional rate table, etc. These contents help users clearly understand the freight rates of different goods and the applicable additional charges.

Shipping case analysis

For example, a company exported a batch of diesel engines, totaling 15 boxes, with a total gross weight of 5.65 metric tons and a volume of 10.676 cubic meters. According to the cargo classification table, the diesel engine belongs to Class 10 and the W/M billing standard applies. According to the relevant route rates, the total freight required for this transportation is US$1,489.302, which shows the calculation method of various fees in the freight rate system.

Through the above analysis, we can see the importance of freight rates and the role of carriers in air transportation and liner transportation, which provides necessary guidance and reference for relevant companies in international cargo transportation.