(1) Trademark infringement
Trademark infringement refers to the use of a trademark that is identical or similar to a registered trademark on identical or similar goods without the permission of the trademark owner, or other acts that interfere with or hinder the trademark owner from using its registered trademark, thereby damaging the legitimate rights and interests of the trademark owner. In cross-border e-commerce, the most common trademark infringement is the use of some well-known brands, such as Disney cartoon characters, without obtaining the authorization of the trademark owner.
(2) Copyright infringement
Copyright was previously called copyright. Because printing technology was not popular in the past, society at that time believed that the most important right attached to a work was the right to print and publish the copyright, hence the name. With the development of society and the increase in the types of works, the scope of copyright is no longer limited to the right to print and publish.
(3) Patent infringement
Patent rights are an important part of intellectual property rights. They refer to the rights of patent holders to exclusively use, profit from, and dispose of their inventions and creations within the scope prescribed by law and to exclude interference from others. Patent rights are time-bound, regional, and exclusive. In layman’s terms, patent rights are a kind of property rights, and are a powerful weapon for patent owners to use legal protection to monopolize existing markets and seize potential markets. Generally speaking, patent rights are divided into three types: invention patents, utility model patents, and design patents. For example, a very popular eggshell peeling tool in the United States was directly copied by domestic merchants without the consent of the inventor and sold to overseas customers.