The Belt and Road countries in Central and Eastern Europe include Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Albania.
Poland has a total population of 38.01 million and a per capita GDP of US$12,780. It has a developed industry and ranks first in Europe in coal reserves. The main minerals are coal, sulfur, copper, zinc, lead, aluminum, silver, etc. The EU is Poland’s largest trading partner.
Lithuania has a total population of about 2.87 million and a per capita GDP of US$14,880. Its industry and agriculture are relatively developed, and its main imported products are mineral products and electromechanical products.
Estonia has a total population of 1.319 million and a per capita GDP of US$17,590. Its main imported products include machinery and equipment, electronic products and their parts, mineral products, aviation and ships, and chemical materials.
Latvia has a total population of 1.96 million and a per capita GDP of US$15,579. The main industrial sectors are electronic products, textiles, building materials, machinery manufacturing, food, light industry, chemicals, wood processing, etc. The pillar industries include mining, processing and manufacturing, and water, electricity and gas supply.
The Czech Republic has a total population of 10.64 million and a per capita GDP of US$20,450. The main industrial sectors include machinery manufacturing, textiles, shoemaking, chemicals, metallurgy, wood processing, glass manufacturing and beer brewing. Foreign trade occupies an important position in the country’s economy.
Slovakia has a total population of 5.43 million and a per capita GDP of US$17,609. The main industrial sectors include steel and petrochemicals, machinery, food, tobacco processing, and automobiles. The main crops are barley, wheat, corn, oil crops, potatoes, etc. Animal husbandry is relatively developed.
Hungary has a total population of 9.79 million and a per capita GDP of US$13,196. Natural resources are relatively scarce. The main mineral resource is bauxite, which ranks third in Europe. The main imported products are oil, natural gas, steam turbines, measuring instruments, auto parts, and computer equipment.
Slovenia has a total population of 2.06 million and a per capita GDP of US$23,513. It is a highly developed country with a very good industrial and technological foundation. The main imported products are petroleum products, daily necessities, food, steel, textiles, etc.
Croatia has a total population of 4.17 million and a per capita GDP of US$13,295. The industry is mainly shipbuilding, food processing, pharmaceuticals, information technology, biochemistry, and wood processing. The tourism industry is developed.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has a total population of 3.52 million and a per capita GDP of US$4,709. The main imported products are machinery, food, oil, chemicals, and transportation vehicles.
Montenegro has a total population of 620,000 and a per capita GDP of US$9,067. The manufacturing industry is weak, and a large number of industrial products, agricultural products, energy, and daily consumer goods rely on imports. Imported products mainly include food, oil, and electricity.
Serbia has a total population of 7.04 million and a per capita GDP of US$5,900. The economy is mainly based on various services, which account for about 63% of the GDP. The main imported products are machinery and equipment, mineral products and textiles.
Romania has a total population of 19.52 million and a per capita GDP of US$9,480. The economy is mainly based on industry, with relatively developed machinery manufacturing, petrochemicals, oil refining, electricity, steel, and light textile industries. The computer industry is particularly developed.
Bulgaria has a total population of 7.05 million and a per capita GDP of US$8,697. It is a traditional agricultural country, and roses, yogurt and wine are well-known in the international market. The main imported products are energy, chemicals, and electronic products.
Macedonia has a total population of 2.07 million and a per capita GDP of US$5,483. The main imported products are meat, crude oil, automobiles, and ready-made clothes.
Albania has a total population of about 2.88 million and a per capita GDP of US$4,125. Imported products mainly include mechanical products and their spare parts, food, beverages and tobacco, chemical products and plastic products, textiles and footwear, building materials and metals, etc.
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