The three difficulties of logistics: loss, damage and delay, while long account period, customs duties and fees, and compensation are the three major financial risks of cross-border logistics.
From the perspective of probability statistics, there will be accidents in any logistics channel, such as rough loading and unloading, multiple transshipments, weather, strikes, customs, airports, etc., which may cause damage to goods, delays and rejections, theft and loss, tariff losses, deterioration and expiration, etc., which may cause claims by the consignor. According to the provisions of the “Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China”, the amount of transportation compensation shall be agreed upon. The seller and the courier sign a consignment note, and the two parties are in a transportation contract relationship. The sender chooses insurance and pays the insurance fee, and compensation is made in accordance with the provisions of the insurance terms. The insurance fee or insurance premium is generally calculated according to the customer’s “declared value”, and the actual compensation amount is limited to no more than the declared value of the goods. The insurance fee is usually 3%~5% of the value of the goods. . Therefore, when mailing valuable items, the value of the goods must be declared truthfully to avoid insufficient claims due to the declared value being lower than the actual value. If the goods are damaged, the buyer can make up for the loss through refund, return or seller re-shipment. After assuming the responsibility, the seller can claim compensation from the logistics company according to the situation and refund the freight. For uninsured express mail, the courier usually claims to make agreed compensation according to the “format clause” on the waybill, that is, the compensation limit for express mail is 3 to 5 times the freight, and there is a maximum limit. For sellers who ship for a long time, it is necessary to understand its details and effectiveness. The logistics company prints this clause in a prominent place on the consignment note, and gives explicit or warnings to fulfill the obligation of reasonable reminders and explanations. If the goods are delayed, the overall freight is usually compensated, and in principle, no compensation will be given for delays caused by customs inspections. For the need of exemption from liability, logistics companies will not compensate for any losses caused by the natural properties of the goods, goods that are not declared, falsely reported, or concealed by customers, old items or returned for repair, contraband, etc. For fragile and easily broken goods, it is difficult to deal with international transportation with effective reinforcement methods. In principle, loss is guaranteed but damage is not guaranteed, and transshipment is avoided as much as possible. In addition to insurance, there are two types of transport insurance of different natures, namely “cargo insurance” and “transport insurance”. Cargo transport insurance takes the goods in transit as the subject of insurance. The insurer is responsible for compensation for the loss of goods caused by various accidents. It is essentially a trade insurance, which protects the risk of goods in transit that one party to the trade (buyer or seller) should bear. The insurance types include basic insurance, comprehensive/aviation insurance, theft insurance, etc. When making claims, some insurance companies will require logistics companies to provide proof of the value of the goods in order to prove that the goods are fully insured. If logistics companies insure themselves without a trade contract, they will not be able to accurately know the market value of the goods and can only insure by estimating the value of the goods. If the estimate is too much, the premium will be wasted, and if the insurance is insufficient, it may not be enough to compensate. The basis for calculating the premium is the value of the goods multiplied by the fixed rate. The higher the value of the goods, the higher the premium. It has little to do with the transportation distance and freight income, and the coverage is relatively wide.